This page is currently protected from editing until disputes have been resolved. Protection is not an endorsement of the current version (protection log). Please discuss changes on the talk page or request unprotection. You may use {{editprotected}} on the talk page to ask for an administrator to make an edit for you.

Canada
Flag Coat of arms
Motto A Mari Usque Ad Mare  (Latin) "From Sea to Sea"
Anthem "O Canada" Royal anthem "God Save the Queen"
Capital		Ottawa 45°24′N, 75°40′W
Largest city		Toronto
Official languages		English, French
Recognised regional languages		Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Dëne Sųłiné, Cree, Gwich’in, Hän, Inuvialuktun, Slavey, Tłįchǫ Yatiì
Demonym		Canadian
Government		Parliamentary democracy (federal constitutional monarchy)
-	Monarch	Queen Elizabeth II
-	Governor General	Michaëlle Jean
-	Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Establishment
-	British North America Act	July 1, 1867
-	Statute of Westminster	December 11, 1931
-	Canada Act	April 17, 1982
Area
-	Total	9,984,670 km² (2nd) 3,854,085 sq mi
-	Water (%)	8.92 (891,163 km²)
Population
-	2007 estimate	33,083,400[1] (36th)
-	2006 census	31,612,897
-	Density	3.2/km² (219th) 8.3/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2006 estimate
-	Total	$1.165 trillion (11th)
-	Per capita	$35,600 (10th)
GDP (nominal)		2006 estimate
-	Total	$1.089 trillion (8th)
-	Per capita	$32,614 (16th)
HDI (2006)		0.950 (high) (6th)
Currency		Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Time zone		(UTC-3.5 to -8)
-	Summer (DST)	(UTC-2.5 to -7)
Internet TLD		.ca
Calling code		+1
Canada portal

Canada (IPA: /ˈkænədə/) is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area,^[2] and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest.

The lands have been inhabited for millennia by aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada became a federal dominion.^[3][4][5] A gradual process of independence from the United Kingdom moved Canada towards statehood and culminated in the Canada Act 1982, severing the last vestiges of dependence on the British parliament.

A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has had a long and complex relationship.

Etymology

Rayburn, Alan (2001). Naming Canada: Stories of Canadian Place Names, 2nd ed., Toronto: University of Toronto Press. . 

History

• Bothwell, Robert (1996). History of Canada Since 1867. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. . 
• Bumsted, J. (2004). History of the Canadian Peoples. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. . 
• Conrad, Margarat; Finkel, Alvin (2003). Canada: A National History. Toronto: Longman. . 
• Morton, Desmond (2001). A Short History of Canada, 6th ed., Toronto: M & S. . 
• Lamb, W. Kaye (2006). "Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 
• Stewart, Gordon T. (1996). History of Canada Before 1867. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. . 

Government and law

• Bickerton, James & Gagnon, Alain-G & Gagnon, Alain (Eds). (2004). Canadian Politics, 4th edition, Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press. . 
• Brooks, Stephen (2000). Canadian Democracy : An Introduction, 3rd edition, Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press Canada. . 
• Forsey, Eugene A. (2005). How Canadians Govern Themselves, 6th ed., Ottawa: Canada. . 
• Dahlitz, Julie (2003). Secession and international law : conflict avoidance - regional appraisals. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. . 

Foreign relations and military

• Cook, Tim (2005). "Quill and Canon: Writing the Great War in Canada". American Review of Canadian Studies 35 (3): 503+. 
• Eayrs, James (1980). In Defence of Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. . 
• Fox, Annette Baker (1996). Canada in World Affairs. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. . 
• Appel, Molot Maureen (Spring-Fall 1990). "Where Do We, Should We, Or Can We Sit? A Review of the Canadian Foreign Policy Literature". International Journal of Canadian Studies. 
• Morton, Desmond; Granatstein, J.L. (1989). Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War 1914–1919. Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys. . 
• Morton, Desmond (1999). A Military History of Canada. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. . 
• Morton, Desmond (1993). When Your Number's Up: The Canadian Soldier in the First World War. Toronto: Random House of Canada. . 
• Rochlin, James (1994). Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy towards Latin America. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. . 

Provinces and territories

• Bumsted, J. M. (2004). History of the Canadian Peoples. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. .