Dalida (17 January 1933 – 3 May 1987) was an Italian Egyptian singer and actress, naturalised French. Dalida was born and raised in Egypt, but she lived most of her adult life in France.[2][3] She received 55 gold records and was the first singer to receive a diamond disc.[4][5]
Yolanda Christina Gigliotti was born in Shoubra, Cairo, Egypt in a middle-class family. Her family was of Italian origin, her parents having emigrated at the turn of the century from Calabria, Italy. The middle child between two brothers, Orlando and Bruno (who would later in Dalida's career change his name to Orlando like his other brother and become her manager). Dalida’s father, Pietro Gigliotti, was first violinist (primo violino) at the Cairo Opera House. Dalida’s early life was spent in the district of Shoubra, where she attended the Scuola Tecnica Commerciale Maria Ausiliatrice, an Italian Catholic school.
In 1950, Dalida participated in the Miss Ondine beauty pageant and won the title, and shortly after began working as a model for Donna, a Cairo-based fashion house. In 1954, at the age of 20, Dalida competed in and won the Miss Egypt pageant, and was crowned Miss Egypt.[6] It was here she was spotted by French director , and, much to the reluctance of her parents, she moved to Paris on Christmas Eve of the same year with the intention of pursuing a career in motion pictures. It was about this time she adopted the name Dalila, which was shortly thereafter changed to the more familiar Dalida.
Dalida performed and recorded in more than 10 languages including: French, Italian, Arabic, German, Spanish, English, Dutch, Japanese, Hebrew, and Greek. She collected 19 number one hit singles to her name in four languages (French, Italian, German, and Arabic) and has a long list of top 10, and top 20 hits in French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Arabic, and accumulated myriad top selling singles and albums largely, in France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Greece, Canada, Russia, Japan, and Israel, spanning over forty years. Four of Dalida's English language recordings ("Alabama Song", "Money Money", "Let Me Dance Tonight", and "Kalimba de Luna"), gained moderate success primarily in France and Germany, without being widely distributed in the UK and US markets. Worldwide sales of her music are estimated at over 130 million, establishing her as one of the most noteworthy multi-lingual recording artists of the twentieth century.
Dalida's mother tongue was Italian. She learned Egyptian Arabic growing up in Cairo, and acquired fluency in French after establishing herself in Paris in 1954. She later achieved command of the English language as well as reasonable conversational skills in German and Spanish. Dalida also had the aptitude of greeting her fans in basic Japanese.
Career
1956-1976
Dalida’s quest for a career in French cinema proved to be of limited success. Instead, she began taking singing lessons, and was booked as a cabaret act on the Champs Élysées, which proved successful. Performing the song "Étrangère au Paradis" in a variety show at Bruno Coquatrix’ recently-opened Paris Olympia theatre, Dalida was introduced to Lucien Morisse and Eddie Barclay, who played a considerable part in launching the starlet’s career. Morisse was artistic producer of the popular Radio Europe 1, and Barclay an established record producer. After signing a recording contract with Barclay, Dalida’s debut single "Madona" was promoted heavily by Morisse, and was a moderate success. However, the release of "Bambino" in 1956 would prove to be even more triumphant - it spent 46 weeks in the French top ten and remains one of the biggest-selling singles in French history, and for its sales (which exceeded 300,000 copies) Dalida was awarded her first gold disc, presented on 17 September 1957. In the same year, she would also support Charles Aznavour at The Olympia. The follow up single to "Bambino", the exotic-sounding "Gondolier", was released in the Christmas on 1957, was also a great success, as were other early releases such as "Come Prima (Tu Me Donnes)", "Ciao Ciao Bambina", and a cover of The Drifters’ "Save the Last Dance For Me", "Garde-Moi la Dernière Danse".
Dalida toured extensively from 1958 through the early 1960s, playing dates in France, Egypt, Italy, and the United States. Her tours of Egypt, and Italy spread her fame outside of France and Dalida soon became well-known throughout Europe. However, her tour of America was less successful and fame eluded her in English-speaking markets.
In 1961, Dalida performed a month of shows at the Olympia, with each selling out completely.[7] Shortly afterwards Dalida embarked upon a tour of Hong Kong and Vietnam. Throughout the 1960s Dalida would frequently perform sell-out shows at The Olympia, and international dates became more frequent. In December 1968, she was awarded the Médaille de la Présidence de la République by Général de Gaulle, the only person from the music industry to have received this accolade.
The early 1970s became a transitional period for the singer, highlighted by some of her most successful singles. After gaining a keen interest in academia in the mid-1960s she chose to sing songs with more profound lyrics. Bruno Coquatrix was dubious about Dalida’s career evolution, and was hesitant to book her for a series of performances in 1971. Dalida hired the hall herself, and her show was met with an impressive public response. In 1973, a French version of the Italian song "Paroles Paroles", originally performed by Mina, was recorded by Dalida and her close friend Alain Delon. The song became a big hit and was the number one single in France and Japan. The follow up, "Il Venait d’Avoir Dix-Huit Ans", reached number one in nine countries, and sold three and a half million copies in Germany. "Gigi l’Amoroso", released in 1974, would actually perform better in the charts than its predecessor, reaching number one in 12 countries. Touring would follow this period of unprecedented sales, with Dalida performing in Japan, Canada and Germany. In February 1975, French music critics presented the singer with the prestigious Prix de l'Académie du Disque Français.
1976-1987
1976 saw another career reinvention for Dalida; releasing what is widely regarded as the first French disco single, "J’attendrai". Around the same time, the popularity of the variety show in France was soaring, and Dalida made many television appearances during this period, not only in France but across Europe. In 1978, she recorded "Salma ya Salama", based on a traditional Egyptian folk song, which due to its chart success was translated from Arabic into French, Italian, and German.
This and other songs in Arabic by Dalida (such as "Helwa ya Baladi", and "Ahsan Nas") became extremely popular in Egypt, making Dalida the only singer ever to break through the barrier separating Arab and Western music. Her close friend Fairouz was the other major artist to be crossing boundaries but in the opposite directions, from the East to the West, with her immense success throughout Europe, North and South America, and Australia.
The success of "Salma ya Salama" was followed by the first French medley single, "Génération ‘78", a disco-fused combination of her biggest hit singles to date. It also became the first French single to be accompanied by a video clip. During this disco period, Dalida would earn a gay audience, a following which is still maintained today. In November, Dalida performed a Broadway-themed show at Carnegie Hall in New York, choreographed by Lester Wilson, who created the dance routines for John Travolta in the previous year’s cinema smash Saturday Night Fever. Two years later, following the success of "Monday Tuesday... Laissez-Moi Danser" in Summer 1979, she would replicate the show at the Palais des Sports, and each show sold-out, encouraging the singer to embark on a national tour which lasted until the autumn. In the same year, the lengthy "Gigi in Paradisco", a follow-up to the earlier "Gigi l’Amoroso", was released.
1981 marked the release of "Rio do Brasil", and several dates were played at The Olympia, emulating her successful 1980 tour. On the night of her first performance she became the first singer in the world to be awarded with a diamond disc, in recognition of her record sales which at that point in her career had exceeded 86 million. Dalida spent much of 1982 and 1984 on tour, releasing the album "Les P'tits Mots" in 1983 which featured hit singles in both "Lucas" and "Mourir Sur Scène". The album "Dali" was released in 1984, and was accompanied by the release of several singles, including "Soleil", "Pour te dire je t’aime", a cover of Stevie Wonder’s "I Just Called to Say I Love You", and "Kalimba de Luna", originally recorded by Tony Esposito. All three achieved moderate chart success, and her next 1986 album, "Le visage de l'amour", would become her last album of completely new recordings (except the final song being "Mourir sur scène").
Dalida underwent two major ophthalmic operations in 1985, forcing her to put her career on hiatus. In 1986, she would play the role of a young grandmother in the Youssef Chahine film "Le Sixième Jour", for which she received favourable critical response. Her last live performance, took place in Ankara, Turkey, in 1987.
Personal life
Despite enormous career success, Dalida’s private life was marred by a series of failed relationships and personal problems. Her first husband, Lucien Morisse, committed suicide several years after her divorce. Two of her lovers, Luigi Tenco and Richard Chanfray also took their own lives.
Death
On 3 May 1987 Dalida died as a result of an overdose of barbiturates, leaving a suicide note reading "Life has become unbearable ... Forgive me." [8][9]
Dalida was buried in the famous Montmartre Cemetery (French: Cimetière de Montmartre), Paris, and a life-size statue of her was erected outside her tomb.[10][11]
Legacy
Since her death, Dalida has become a cult figure to a new generation of fans. In 1988, The Encyclopaedia Universalis commissioned a poll which was eventually published in daily newspaper Le Monde, the aim of which was to reveal personalities that had the greatest impact on French society. Dalida polled second, behind Général de Gaulle.[citation needed]
In 1997, the corner of the rues Girardon and Abreuvoir in the , Paris, was inaugurated as and a life-size bust to her memory was erected.[12] In 1999, a 3-CD box-set compiling her greatest hits was released. In 2000, Dalida's longtime friend Charles Aznavour recorded the hit "De la scène à la Seine", a joyful song of her life in France, and in 2002, the French government honoured her memory with a postage stamp done in commemoration of the 15th anniversary of her death. In the same year, Universal Music Group released Dalida's early album releases in special-edition packaging, with all of the tracks digitally remastered. Her output has also been the subject of various remix albums. She sold a total of 130 million records from 1956 to 2006. Since her death, many of Dalida's hits have been remixed to modern techno and dance beats, topping the charts in various countries to this day.
In 1999 the play "Solitudini - Luigi Tenco e Dalida", written and directed by , was performed in Rome.
In 2005, her life was documented in the two-part TV film Dalida, in the role of Dalida was Sabrina Ferilli.[13]
From 11 May to September 2007, the Paris City Hall commemorated the 20th anniversary of Dalida’s death with an exhibition of her outfits and previously unreleased photographs.
Filmography
This is a chronologically-ordered list of films in which Dalida has appeared.
Year
Title
Character
Director
Movie Studio
Notes
Ref
1954
Joseph et ses frères (France: French title)
aka "Joseph and His Brothers"
Sigara wa Kass
aka "Un verre et une cigarette"
aka "A Cigarette and a Glass" (International: English title)
aka "A Glass and a Cigarette" ((International (DVD box title) (English title))
Le sixième jour
aka "The Sixth Day" (International: English title)
aka "Al-yawm al-Sadis" (Arabic title) (Arabic: اليوم السادس)
aka "Der sechste Tag" (Germany: German title)
Dalida: Une vie... , by Jacques Pessis, Célina Jauregui, Emmanuel Polle and N-T Binh, Édition Chronique, 2007. ISBN 2205060066 and ISBN 978-2205060065. (French)
Luigi Tenco: Ed ora avrei mille cose da fare, by R. Tortarolo and G. Carozzi, Arcana, 2007. ISBN 887966431X and ISBN 978-8879664318. (Italian)
Dalida: Ses fans, ses amis ont la parole, by Claire Nérac and Cédric Naïmi, Éditions du Rocher, 2008. ISBN 2268065804 and ISBN 978-2268065809. (French)
50 ans de chanson française : de Trenet à Bruel, by Lucien Rioux, Éditions L'Archipel, 1992, republished 1994. ISBN 2909241688 and ISBN 978-2909241685. (French)
Olympia. Bruno Coquatrix, 50 ans de Music-Hall, by Jean-Michel Boris, Jean-François Brieu and Eric Didi, Éditions Hors Collection, 2003. ISBN 2258062349 and ISBN 978-2258062344. (French)
L'odyssée de la chanson française, by Gilles Verlant, Dominique Duforest and Christian Eudeline, Éditions Hors Collection, 2006. ISBN 2258070872 and ISBN 978-2258070875. (French)
1968 French President's Medal (Médaille de la Présidence de la République) awarded by President of the French RepublicGénéral de Gaulle on 5 December 1968 (no other artist has ever received this honour).
1990 International Diploma posthumously awarded by the "International Star Registry" (USA), three years after Dalida's death.
1997 Inauguration of "Dalida Square", located at the angle of rues Girardon and Abreuvoirs, in the 18th arrondissement (borough) of Paris, France. Dalida is one of only three women in France to have a statue erected to her, along with Joan of Arc and Sarah Bernhardt.
2001 Second stamp bearing the likeness of Dalida is released by La Poste, the French postal service, as part of the Song Artists series. 10,157,601 copies are sold.
2001 Platinum disc awarded for the double album “40 Golden Hits” with over 300,000 copies sold.
2003 Awarded prize for greatest singer of the century in France, based on three criteria: numbers of album and single sales, number of radio airplays and chart positions Dalida was placed third after Madonna and Céline Dion. In 2003 Dalida remains the number one favourite artist in France.
Art (selection)
Jean Sobieski: Dalida (Oil on canvas, 19??)
Magguy Crouzet: Dalida (Portrait in dot-sculpture, 1976)
Michel Souvais: Dalida, femme est la nuit (Oil on canvas, 1977)
Francesco Gallo: Dalida (Yolanda Gigliotti) (Bronze sculpture, 2007)
FS62: Dalida (Black and white portrait in acrylic, 2008)
Dalida in contemporary music
The Dalida song "Born to Sing" (original French title "Mourir sur scène" and later translated to English, Italian and Spanish) was covered in English by Dalida's long time friend Shirley Bassey, released in 1986 as a B-side of a Towerbell Records single (A-side: "There's No Place Like London"). Although the recording has never been re-released, Shirley Bassey performed the song in 1995 during some concerts as part of her 40th anniversary world tour.[32] Shirley Bassey's interpretation of "Born to Sing" is also sometimes titled or referred to as "I Was Born to Sing Forever."[33]
In 1996, Céline Dion and Alain Delon performed the song "Paroles, paroles" on the 1996 New Year's Eve France 2 television programme.
The song "De la scène à la Seine", by Charles Azvanour, from his year 2000 album "Azvanour, 2000" is a tribute to Dalida.
In 2000, Sarah Hohn (featuring Wehrlen), released a cover of the song "Paroles, paroles" in tribute to Dalida and Alain Delon.[34]
In 2002, an interpretation of the song "Pour ne pas vivre seul", by Firmine Richard, was included in the movie "8 femmes", by François Ozon.[35]
In 2004, the song "Laissez-moi danser (Monday Tuesday)" was covered by Star Academy 4 in France, under the shorter name "Laissez-moi danser", in honour of Dalida.[36]
In 2007, Spanish singer Luz Casal released the song "18 años", a new Spanish-language interpretation of "Tenía 18 años", the Spanish version of "Il venait d'avoir 18 ans" (English version: "He Must Have Been Eighteen"), in honour of French music, with entirely new Spanish lyrics, on her album "Vida tóxica".[38][39]
In 2007, Italian singer Patty Pravo released the tribute album "Spero che ti piaccia... Pour toi", in tribute to Dalida.[40]
In 2009, Lara Fabian released the tribute album "Toutes les femmes en moi", containing an interpretation of the song "Il venait d'avoir 18 ans", of which the former is in part tribute, and the latter in tribute to Dalida.[41]
Music from motion pictures and TV
The following Dalida songs have appeared in the formentioned motion pictures or TV series.
Year
Motion picture
Songs
Director
Ref
1961
Mädchen für die Mambo-Bar
aka "Des filles pour le mambo bar" (France: French title)
aka "$100 a Night" (USA: dubbed version: English title)
aka "Girls for the Mambo-Bar" (UK)
In 1999 the theatrical production "Solitudini - Luigi Tenco e Dalida", written and directed by Maurizio Valtieri, was performed in Rome.[73]
The theatrical production "Dalida: Une Vie", directed by René Simard and under the authorisation of Orlando Productions, was performed from October 2003 to June 2006, in Quebec, Canada, and was shown in Beyrout, Lebanon in May 2004.[74]
In 2005, the play "Dalida, à quoi bon vivre au mois de mai ?", written by Joseph Agostini and Caroline Sourrisseau, was performed at the Ateliers Théâtre in Montmartre.[75]
The Best of Dalida ·Les Années Barclay: 1956-1970 ·Les Années Orlando: 1970-1997 ·Italia Mia ·Master Série ·La Légende ·Dalida Story ·Les 101 plus belles chansons ·Les Années Disco ·The Queen ·Sus mas grandes exitos en español ·Dalida (Deutsch Gesang) Ihre Grossen Erfolge ·Dalida: Glamorous ·Arabian Songs ·D'ici et d'ailleurs ·Collection Intégrale DALIDA 1956-1987
Joseph and His Brothers ·Le Masque de Toutankhamon ·Sigara wa Kass (A Glass and a Cigarette) ·Brigade des mœurs ·Rapt au deuxième bureau (aka Operation Abduction) ·Parlez-moi d'amour (aka "Che femmina... e che dollari!) ·L'inconnue de Hong Kong (aka Stranger from Hong-Kong) ·Menage all'italiana (aka Menage Italian Style) ·Io ti amo ·Comme sur des roulettes ·Le sixième jour (aka "The Sixth Day") ·Dalida: Le Film
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